Electronic gadgets have become an integral part of human lives. From aviation to Remote sensing area up to medical and healthcare industries, electronic gadgets have wide range of applications in modern world.

In this article we have explained the common electronic components which are used in electronic circuits and about work.The most basic components used in circuits are:

1. Resistor

▪️Definition– It is passive two-terminal electrical component that does not allow electric current (I) to flow through freely in circuit.

▪️Made – carbon metal ,metal oxide film. A conducting material is wrapped in helical pattern and covered with insulating material.

▪️Work –  1. when current(I) starts flowing through wire (conductor),all electron moving in same direction .

2. current flows through thin wire in resistor ,it become more hard for electron to jerk it.

3. i.e Higher the no.of turn and thinner the wire, higher the resistance.

▪️Unit – Ohm

▪️Type -▫️Thermistor
    ▫️Metal film resistor
    ▫️wire wound Resistor
    ▫️Carbon composition resistor
    ▫️Carbon film resistor.
    ▫️Light Dependent Resistor.

▪️Use -1. It use almost every electrical componenet and electronic device.

Bias active elements. etc

2. Capacitor

▪️Definition– it is two-terminal  electrical component that can store energy in an electric field electrostatically .

In simple terms, it works as a small rechargeable battery that stores electricity and power source.

▪️Made– Plates are composed of conducting material such thin films of metal or aluminum foil. 

Dielectric material such as mica,glass,ceramic and Oxides.

▪️Work– 1. applying a voltage over the two plates or connect them to a source, an electric field develops across the insulator.

2.They are stored in dielectric medium

3. If you disconnect it from source,then they hold the charge .

4.You can increase the capacitance by moving the plates closer to each other or increasing their size.

▪️Unit– Farade(F)

▪️Type – ▫️Electrolytic Capacitor.
       ▫️Mica Capacitor.
       ▫️Paper Capacitor.
       ▫️Film Capacitor.
       ▫️Non-Polarized Capacitor.
       ▫️Ceramic Capacitor.

▪️Use – 1.Power saver
      2. signal coupling
      3.noise filtration
      4.remote sensing.

3. Inductor

▪️ Definition – It is also known as a reactor, a passive component of a circuit having two terminals.

This device stores energy in its magnetic field, returning it to the circuit whenever required.

▪️Made – Coil of conducting material like copper wire, wrapped around a core made from air or magnetic metal.

▪️Work – 1. when electricity flows into the coil from the left to the right, they will generate a magnetic field in the clockwise direction.

2. The more turns with which the conductor is wound around the core, the stronger the magnetic field is generated.

3.A strong magnetic field is also generated by increasing the cross-sectional area of the inductor or by changing the core of the inductor.

▪️Unit– Henry(H)

▪️Type– ▫️Air core inductor
      ▫️Iron core inductor
      ▫️ Toriodal inductor
      ▫️Laminated core
      ▫️Power core inductor

▪️Use– 1. Energy storage
      2. circuit tuning
      3. sensors
      4. Transformers
      5.filters

4.Diode

▪️Definition– A diode is defined as a two-terminal electronic component that only conducts current(I) in one direction.

A diode is effectively like a valve in electrical circuits.

▪️Made – Most diodes are made with semiconductor  materials such as silicon (si), germanium (Ge) or selenium (Se).

▪️Work – 1. A diode have 2 main terminal Anode & Cathode .

2. The Positive side called Anode(A) and negative side called Cathode(C).

3. Consider, one battery – Lamp circuit . Positive terminal of battery connected to Anode side and cathode side connects to the one side of lamp . Other terminal of lamp connected to negative side of battery.

4.When the polarity of the battery is such that current (I) is allowed to flow through the diode, the diode is said to be forward-biased.

5.when the battery is backward i.e negative side of battey connected to anode(A) and the diode blocks current, the diode is said to be reverse-biased.

6. It act as switch when Forward- biased and open swich when Reverse-biased.

▪️Type – ▫️Zener diode
       ▫️P-N junction diode
       ▫️Tunnel diode
       ▫️Varactor diode
       ▫️Schottky diode
       ▫️Photodiode
       ▫️PIN diode
       ▫️Laser diode

▪️Use – 1.Rectifier
       2.Use as electrical switches
       3.For isolating signals
       4.Voltage regulation
       5.Electronic tuning and varistors.